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The advantage here is that no agent is required on end user devices, making it more attractive for unmanaged or BYOD devices for consultant or partner access. Once the outbound connection from the requested application authenticates the user or other application, traffic will flow through the ZTNA service provider, isolating applications from direct access via a proxy. This requires a lightweight ZTNA connector to sit in front of the business applications that are located either on-premises on at cloud providers. An agent installed on the device communicates with the ZTNA controller, which provides authentication and connects to the desired service.Ĭonversely, in a service-initiated ZTNA, the connection is initiated by a broker between application and user. There are two approaches to ZTNA implementation, endpoint initiated and service-initiated.As the name implies, in an endpoint-initiated zero trust network architecture the user initiates access to an application from an endpoint connected device, similarly to an SDP. Each user and each device are verified and authenticated before they are granted access to specific applications, systems, or other assets.VPNs and ZTNAs can be used in combination with each other, for example to strengthen security on a particularly sensitive network segment, providing an extra security layer should the VPN be compromised.
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ZTNAs take the opposite approach, granting no access at all, unless an asset – application, data, or service – is specifically authorized for that user.In contrast to VPNs, ZTNAs provide continuous identify verification based on identity authentication. Granularity – Once within a VPN perimeter, a user gains access to the entire system. ABAC (attribute based access control) and RBAC (role based access control) in ZTNAs simplify this task.
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Additionally, it can be challenging to install and configure VPN software on all the end user devices that need to be connected to enterprise resources.Conversely, it is much easier to add or remove security policies and user authorization based on their immediate business needs.

This can also strain manpower for the IT organization.įlexibility and Agility – VPNs do not offer the granularity of ZTNA. Resource utilization – As the number of remote users grows, the load on the VPN can lead to unexpectedly high latency and can demand new resources be added to the VPN to meet growing demand or peak usage times. Some shortcomings of VPNs when compared to ZTNAs are: Primarily, VPNs are designed to offer network-wide access, where ZTNAs grant access to specific resources and require reauthentication frequently.

There are several differences between VPNs and ZTNA. By incorporating ZTNA into a secure access service edge ( SASE) solution, an organization can benefit from the security, scalability, and network capabilities needed for secure remote access, as well as post-connection monitoring to prevent data loss, malicious action, or compromised user credentials.

Holistic control and visibility – Since ZTNA does not inspect user traffic after authentication, there could be an issue if a malicious employee uses their access for nefarious purposes, or if a user’s credentials are lost or stolen. ZTNA can provide more levels of security with location- or device-specific access control policies, which can keep unwanted or compromised devices from accessing the organization’s resources.This access can be contrasted with some VPNs that offer employee-owned devices the same access privileges that on-premises admins are granted. Where IP-based VPN access offers broad access to a network once authorized, ZTNA offers limited, granular access to specific applications and resources. Authentication and Access – The primary use for ZTNA is to provide a highly granular access mechanism based on a user’s identity.
